Analysis of Clinical Isolates of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria with Primer and Probe Sets Developed to Detect bla CTX-M , bla TEM , and bla SHV Using a Fully Automated Gene Detection System

In this study, we evaluated extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria with the newly developed primer and probe sets to detect bla , bla , and bla using BD MAX , a fully automated multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay system. In 36 isolates confirmed by whole-genome sequencing to have bla , bla , or bla , the developed primer and probe sets accurately detected each gene without being influenced by the presence of other β-lactamase genes. In nine control strains that do not harbor either bla , bla , or bla no cross-reaction was observed. In 191 strains phenotypically determined to be ESBL-producers by conventional antimicrobial susceptibility tests, 189 strains were blaC -, bla -, or bla -positive as assessed by BD MAX using the developed primer and probe sets, and two strains were negative for these genes. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that these two strains were phenotypically false-positive ESBL-producers. The accuracy of the primer and probe sets seems to be satisfactory, and they may be applicable to detect CTX-M-type ESBL-producing bacteria.