Microwave Radiation Detection with an Ultra-Thin Free-Standing Superconducting Niobium Nanohelix

We present a superconducting bolometer fabricated by a rolled-up technology which allows one to combine the two-dimensionality (2D) of the superconducting layer with a helical spiral curvature. The bolometer is formed as a free-standing Nb nanohelix acting as an ultrathin transition-edge sensor (TES) and having a negligible thermal contact to the substrate. We demonstrate the functionality of the thinfilm TES by examining its microwave detection performance in comparison with a commercial cryogenic bolometer from QMC Instruments. The nanohelix has been revealed to feature a noise equivalent power (NEP) of about 2 · 10 WHz at a microwave radiation power of 9 Wm , that is four orders of magnitude smaller than NEP of the QMC sensor at a similar radiation power. Furthermore, the forecast for the nanohelix is a one-to-two orders of magnitude shorter response time as compared to sensors based on commonly used 1 µm thick Si N membranes. The reason is the extremely low heat capacity of the 50 nm thick supporting material and the few contact points between the TES and the substrate. Our findings indicate that microwave radiation detection can be substantially improved by extending 2D superconducting structures into the 3D space.