Effects of elevated CO 2 and endophytic bacterium on photosynthetic characteristics and cadmium accumulation in Sedum alfredii

Elevated CO and use of endophytic microorganisms have been considered as efficient and novel ways to improve phytoextraction efficiency. However, the interactive effects of elevated CO and endophytes on hyperaccumulator is poorly understood. In this study, a hydroponics experiment was conducted to investigate the combined effect of elevated CO (eCO ) and inoculation with endophyte SaMR12 (ES) on the photosynthetic characteristics and cadmium (Cd) accumulation in hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii. The results showed that eCO × ES interaction promoted the growth of S. alfredii, shoot and root biomass net increment were increased by 264.7 and 392.3%, respectively, as compared with plants grown in ambient CO (aCO ). The interaction of eCO and ES significantly (P