Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn is Associated with an Increased Risk of Hospitalization Due to RSV Bronchiolitis

BACKGROUND:Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) is a self-limiting respiratory disorder, resulting from a failure to clear the lungs of perinatal fluid. As similar pathophysiological features are present in children with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis, we hypothesized that these two conditions may be connected. METHODS:This was a population-based cohort study that included all children born in term (≥37 weeks of gestation) without congenital malformations in Finland between 1996 and 2015. Children diagnosed with TTN (ICD-10 code P22.1) after birth and children hospitalized due to RSV bronchiolitis (ICD-10 code J21.0) during first year of life were identified from the Medical Birth Register and National Hospital Discharge Register, respectively, and the data were linked. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between these two conditions. RESULTS:Of the 1 042 045 children included in the study cohort, 16 327 (1.57%) were diagnosed with TTN at birth and 12 345 (1.18%) were hospitalized due to RSV bronchiolitis during the first year of life. The rate of RSV hospitalization was higher in children with a history of TTN compared to children without TTN diagnosis (260/16 327 [1.59%] vs. 12 085/1 025 718 [1.18%], respectively; P value