Lipopolysaccharide induces catecholamine production in mesenteric adipose tissue of rats previously exposed to immobilization stress

Catecholamines (CAs) are mainly produced by sympathoadrenal system but their de novo production has been also observed in adipose tissue cells. The aim of this work was to investigate whether immune challenge induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) modulates biosynthesis of CAs in mesenteric adipose tissue (MWAT), as well as whether previous exposure to immobilization (IMO) stress could modulate this process. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to single (2 h) or repeated (2 h/7 days) IMO and afterwards injected with LPS (i.p., 100 μg/kg body weight) and sacrificed 3 h later. LPS did not alter CA biosynthesis in MWAT in control rats. Single and repeated IMO elevated CAs and expression of CA biosynthetic enzymes in MWAT, including adipocyte and stromal/vascular fractions (SVF). Repeated IMO followed by LPS treatment led to the up-regulation of CA-biosynthetic enzymes expression, elevation of CAs in SVF but depletion of norepinephrine and epinephrine in adipocyte fraction. Prior IMO caused a marked LPS-induced macrophage infiltration in MWAT as evaluated by F4/80 expression. A positive correlation between expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and F4/80 suggests macrophages as the main source of LPS-induced CA production in MWAT. Furthermore, prior exposure to the single or repeated IMO differently affected immune responses following LPS treatment by modulation of inflammatory cytokine expression. These data suggest that stress might be a significant modulator of immune response in MWAT via stimulation of the macrophage infiltration associated with cytokine response and de novo production of CAs.