IL-12 induced the generation of IL-21- and IFN-γ-co-expressing poly-functional CD4+ T cells from human naive CD4+ T cells

Interleukine-12 is critical for the differentiation of Th1 cells and can improve the development of Th1 cells with Tfh cell features in mouse model. Human effector CD4 + T cells also exhibit poly-functionality by co-expressing IL-21 and IFN-γ. However, the effects of IL-12 on regulating generation of human IL-21- and IFN-γ-expressing CD4 + T cells are still incompletely understood. Our studies found that IL-12 but not IL-21 could induce the differentiation of human naive CD4 + T cells into multi-cytokine expressing CD4 + T cells in vitro, which co-expressed IL-21 and IFN-γ with or without IL-2 and TNF-α. At early stage of differentiation, addition of excess exogenous IFN-γ could increase the generation of IL-21- and IFN-γ-expressing CD4 + T cells, furthermore, anti-IFN-γ depressed the percentage of poly-functional CD4 + T cells. Phenotypically, IL-21 + IFN-γ + CD4 + T cells exhibited more characteristic features about both of Th1 and Tfh cells than IL-21 or IFN-γ single-expressing CD4 + T cells. Mechamistically, IL-12 modulated the differentiation of IL-21 + IFN-γ + CD4 + T cells from naive CD4 + T cells via the pathways of STAT-1/4, T-bet and BCL − 6. Different from naive CD4 + T cells, IL-12 increasing the generation of IL-21 + IFN-γ + CD4 + T cells from memory CD4 + T cells was only involved in STAT-4 pathway but not STAT-1. Poly-functional CD4 + T cells were contributed to generation and progress of varies diseases and our studies provide basic theoretics for the designs of vaccine and therapies of diseases.