THE CYTOTOXICITY OF 5-FLUOROURACIL IS DUE TO ITS INCORPORATION INTO RNA NOT ITS INHIBITION OF THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE AS EVIDENCED BY THE USE OF A MOUSE CELL MUTANT DEFICIENT IN THYMIDYLATE SYNTHASE

The biochemical basis for the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil is still controversial; it is not clear whether the mechanism involves interference with DNA metabolism or incorporation of the drug into RNA. To distinguish between these two possibilities, we took advantage of a mutant strain of the mouse mammary tumor cell line FM3A that is deficient in thymidylate synthase, which is widely believed to be the target of 5-fluorouracil. We demonstrated that the target of the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil was not thymidylate synthase; instead, the cytotoxicity was positively correlated with drug incorporation into RNA under conditions where thymidine increased the incorporation of 5-fluorouracil into RNA concentration-dependently.