Association between plasma levels and immunolocalization of cytokines in heart valve lesions: a possible target for treatment?

Objective: To compare the distribution of pro-inflammatory cytokines in heart valve lesions with their plasma levels. Methods: Plasma levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were determined in 70 patients with heart valve lesions. TNF-α and IL-6 levels were also quantified in tissue specimens obtained from these patients after valve replacement. Results: Plasma concentrations of TNF-α and the extent of calcium deposits were significantly higher in patients with aortic valve stenosis compared with individuals with mitral valve stenosis. A direct relationship was demonstrated between TNF-α blood and tissue levels. There was an increase in TNF-α and IL-6 tissue immunoreactivity with the progression of heart valve disease from mild to advanced inflammation. The increased accumulation of calcium deposits in damaged heart valves correlated with plasma TNF-α and IL-10 levels. Conclusions: The association between plasma and tissue sample cytokine concentrations suggests that plasma cytokine levels reflect the extent and severity of valvular lesions. Statins may attenuate progressive calcific valve stenosis. Statins also affect TNF-α and IL-10 plasma levels. These associations may help not only predict the progression but also attenuate the deterioration of valvular lesions. Verification of these results in larger scale studies is required before definite conclusions can be drawn.