Suppressive effect of astaxanthin isolated from the Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous [Phaffia rhodozyma] mutant on ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury in rats

Ethanol has been found to induce ulcerative gastric lesion in humans. The present study investigated the in vivo protective effect of astaxanthin isolated from the Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous mutant against ethanolinduced gastric mucosal injury in rats. The rats were treated with 80% ethanol for 3d after pretreatment with two doses of astaxanthin (5 and 25 mg/kg of body weight respectively) for 3d, while the control rats received only 80% ethanol for 3d. The oral administration of astaxanthin (5 and 25 mg/kg of body weight) showed significant protection against ethanol-induced gastric lesion and inhibited elevation of the lipid peroxide level in gastric mucosa. In addition, pretreatment with astaxanthin resulted in a significant increase in the activities of radical scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. A histologic examination clearly indicated that the acute gastric mucosal lesion induced by ethanol nearly disappeared after pretreatment with astaxanthin.