Analytical chemistry and portland cement-based concrete

Nowadays, the cement and concrete industries and researchers use alphabetical methods to analyze elements from aluminum to zinc, minerals from albite to zeolite, and organic substances from acrylics to wood sugars. Hence, to quantify and study components of portland cement and concrete, in addition to the classical petrographic and wet chemical methods, construction industry now use atomic absorption spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.