Assessing the efficiency of combined use of surface water and groundwater for process water supply to Kalininskaya NPP

The potential improvement of the reliability of process water supply system is discussed for the case of an important power facility with the use of combined water intake systems. Hydrological simulation is used to determine the deficiency periods of surface water resources and, accordingly, the period of involvement of subsurface compensation water intake. A hydrodynamic model is used to predict the damage to surface runoff caused by the operation of the groundwater intake. The results are used to prepare an operations schedule for the management of combined water intake system.