Competitive ELISA for the Detection of Antibodies to Rift Valley Fever Virus in Goats and Cattle

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is one of the important emerging viral diseases of serious impact in public health and animal hygiene both in human and animal industries. In this study, we developed a monoclonal antibody-based competitive ELISA for the detection of antibodies to RVFV in goats and cattle. The recombinant N protein of RVFV was expressed in E. coli with a six-histidine tag, and the purified N protein was used for detecting antigen with a competitive monoclonal antibody against RVFV antibodies. The competitive ELISA (C-ELISA) could detect antibodies at 9-11 days after inoculation in goats and cattle with a sensitivity of 94.7% (virus neutralization titer >32) and specificity of 99.7%, respectively. In addition, the C-ELISA did not show any cross-reactivity with positive sera against arboviruses such as Akabane, Aino, Chuzan, Ibaraki and bovine ephemeral fever virus, which are prevalent viral agents in ruminant animals throughout Southeast Asia. The results of the present study indicate that the C-ELISA is a simple, rapid and convenient serodiagnostic method for RVFV in goats and cattle.