Recent advances in applications of single-drop microextraction: A review

[Display omitted] ► The applications of single-drop microextraction reported during 1996 to mid 2011 have been reviewed. ► The technique produces extract in a much simpler manner and gives high sensitivity since the whole extract is used for analysis. ► Analysis of extract by nearly all types of instrumental methods of analysis is possible. ► Easy chemical manipulation of analytes is feasible either in the microdrop of solvent or in the sample solution. During the past fifteen years since its introduction, single-drop microextraction has witnessed incessant growth in the range of applications of samples preparation for trace organic and inorganic analysis. This was mainly due to the array of modes that are available to accomplish extraction in harmony with the nature of analytes, and to use the extract directly for analysis by diverse instrumental methods. Whilst engineering of novel sorbent materials has expanded the sample capabilities of rival method of solid-phase microextraction, the single-drop microextraction – irrespective of the mode of extraction – uses common equipment found in analytical laboratories sans any modification, and in a much economic way. The recent innovations made in the field, as highlighted in this review article in the backdrop of historical developments, are due to the freedom in operational conditions and practicability to exploit chemical principals for optimum extraction and sensitive determination of analytes. Literature published till July 2011 has been covered.