Fungemia Caused by Scedosporium prolificans in Myelodysplastic Syndrome

We report a case of fungemia caused by Scedosporium prolificans, an emerging pathogen. An 83-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and agranulocytosis was admitted for pneumonia in January 2009. He was treated with meropenem, minocycline, and γ-globulin for pneumonia and G-CSF and platelet transfusion for MDS. Although he recovered from pneumonia as neutrophil count increased, intermittent fever continued. On hospital day 17, blood culture yielded fungal colonies indicating S. prolificans. Voriconazole was started immediately, but the manʼs general condition deteriorated with cerebral infarction and he died of cerebral hemorrhage on hospital day 65. Attention must therefore be paid to the increasing scedosporiosis incidence in Japan.