The effects of 3-month atorvastatin therapy on arterial inflammation, calcification, abdominal adipose tissue and circulating biomarkers

Purpose 18 F-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT has the potential to track vascular inflammation and monitor therapeutic response. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between arterial inflammation, calcification and serological biomarkers in subjects with atherosclerosis, and to assess their therapeutic response to 12-week atorvastatin treatment. Methods Forty-three statin-naïve subjects with atherosclerosis received atorvastatin (40 mg/day) for 12 weeks and underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT, coronary calcification and abdominal adipose tissue volume measurements. A panel of serological biomarkers was analysed. Arterial inflammation was measured at seven arterial segments and normalized to venous FDG activity to produce target to background ratios (TBR). Thirty-four subjects without cardiovascular disease who repeated PET 1–4 years apart for routine health check-ups were retrospectively evaluated for comparison. Results The baseline mean TBR values in atherosclerotic patients were positively correlated with age ( R = 0.36), body mass index ( R = 0.54), abdominal visceral adipose tissue volume ( R = 0.65), coronary calcification score ( R = 0.40), levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( R = 0.54), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 ( R = 0.46) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) ( R = 0.67, all p