Effects of dietary protein sources on feed intake, growth and plasma thyroid hormones levels of Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to compare the effects of dietary protein sources on growth performance and plasma thyroid hormones levels of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus . Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated to contain one of the followings as main protein source: fish meal (FM), fish protein concentrate (FPC), soy protein concentrate (SPC), and soy protein isolate (SPI). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate aquaria stocked with 25 fish each. The feed intake, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio in fish fed fish protein-based diets were significantly higher than those in fish fed soy protein-based diets. Feed intake and specific growth rate were significantly higher in FM treatment compared to FPC treatment and higher in SPI treatment compared to SPC treatment. The FM treatment had significantly higher levels of plasma cortisol, triiodothyronine, and thyroxin than the other treatments. These results indicate that high inclusion levels of soy protein in diets markedly inhibit the feeding rate and growth of P. olivaceus due to poor palatability caused by the removal of feeding stimulants and/or the incorporation of feeding deterrents. The reduced growth may be partly attributed to the amino acid imbalance, absence of small nitrogen compounds, and presence of antinutritional factors.