Electrochemical copolymerization of thiophene derivatives; a precursor to photovoltaic devices

► This work presents an electrochemical technique for the polymerization and copolymerization of thiophene derivatives. ► Copolymerization of thiophene based monomers like 7,9-dithiophene-2yl-8H-cyclopenta[ a]acenaphthalene-8-one and 3-hexylthiophene are synthesized. ► Study of the structural, optical, thermal, conductivity, morphological, band gap and impedance measurements of the copolymer indicates a suitable material for photovoltaic applications. This work presents an electrochemical technique for the polymerization and copolymerization of thiophene derivatives like 7,9-dithiophene-2yl-8H-cyclopenta[ a]acenaphthalene-8-one and 3-hexylthiophene. The structural characterization of chemically synthesized monomers and electrochemically synthesized polymers was carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Thermal characterizations indicate that copolymer has increased thermal stability than that of homopolymer. Morphological studies of the polymerized films carried out by scanning electron microscopy shows network structure of copolymer. Optical properties of the homopolymers and copolymer were studied by UV–visible spectrometer and it was observed that band gap of copolymer is less than the homopolymers. HOMO and LUMO levels, band gap values of the respective polymers were also calculated from the cyclic voltammetry technique with various scan rates. By the peak current obtained from various scan rates shows that all polymerization reactions are diffusion controlled process. Charge transfer resistances of polymers were determined using Nyquist plots. Conductivity of synthesized polymers shows higher conductivity for copolymer than homopolymers.