Family livestock: the emergence of a social category in Southern Brazil

The objective of this paper was to identify and characterize farm family livestock in Bage, Rio Grande do Sul State (Brazil), according to some criteria (land area, exploitation of approach, labour use, production objective, commercialization, intermediary, production integration, rural income and no-rural income). Direct interviews were conducted with family livestock farmers during May and June 2007 in the following locations: Palmas, Olhos D'Agua, Coxilha do Haedo, Serrilhada and Santa Tecla, comprising a total of 40 interviews. Frequency analysis was used to examine the data. The research showed that 80% of the farmers explore areas of up to 200 hectares and 87,5% of the interviewees use exclusively family labour. As for the rural income, 70% of the cases earned less than two minimum wages. The results also showed the importance of off-farm income compared to total income, particularly from retirements and pensions, which are an essential instrument of social reproduction for the families. Adapted from the source document.