CSDP: the game of letters and "directories"

In the context of a deadlock in the European Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP), diverse bi- or trilateral initiatives have attempted to revive defense cooperation since 2010: the Franco-British accord, the Franco-German-Polish letter, the German-Swedish letter, etc. These partial axes of cooperation will certainly be useful, but they will not be able to replace the global political will, which alone could permit the carrying out of operations anticipated by the Treaty of Lisbon. Adapted from the source document. Reproduced by permission of Bibliothèque de Sciences Po