Extensive gingival and respiratory tract Kaposi sarcoma in a child after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

An 8-year-old, human immune virus-negative boy received full human leukocyte antigen-matched related allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. While on cyclosporine A and prednisolone therapy for graft versus host disease, he developed extensive gingival, cutaneous, and respiratory tract human herpes virus-8-associated Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Withdrawal of cyclosporine, tapering of prednisolone, recovery of lymphocyte count, and local supportive measures resulted in resolution of his gingival and respiratory tract lesions. To our knowledge this is the first case of gingival and extensive respiratory tract KS to be reported in a child post HSCT.