Performance of a graphite (KS-6)/MoO3 energy storing system

The performance of the graphite (KS-6)/MoO3 full cell has been studied at different cut-off voltages, rates, temperatures and cathode to anode mass ratios. It was found that cathode to anode weight ratio and charging potential are the most influential parameters which determine the cycle life of this device. Under optimized condition (graphite:MoO3 weight ratio 1 and operation voltage window 1.5-3.3 V), the capacity retention of the cell between the 5th and 500th cycles was found to be 91%. At 0.3 C and 10 C rates this device delivers 88.9 mAh g-1 and 35.5 mAh g-1, respectively. High and low temperature performance of this device is superior to that of the conventional EDLCs. The charge/discharge mechanism of the full cell was elucidated by ex situ XRD data and analyzing the voltage profiles of each electrode by 4-electrode cell. Partial amorphization of the MoO3 anode was confirmed by XRD and SEM data. These results indicate that the electrolyte could be used as the sole source of lithium ions to develop a novel type of energy storage devices which do not contain traditional lithium rich cathode materials.