Characterization of single-polarization single-mode photonic crystal fiber using full-vectorial finite element method

A modal solution approach based on the powerful, finite element method (FEM) using a full-vectorial H -field formulation has been used to determine the single-mode operation of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The modal solution of the fundamental space-filling mode has also been obtained to identify the cutoff conditions of the waveguide modes. The FEM, with the perfectly matched layer boundary condition, has been developed and employed to characterize the leakage loss and the differential loss between the polarized modes of a PCF. The design approach for a single-polarization and single-mode PCF has also been discussed.