The approach of indigenous compilation and formal knowledge to sustain rural settlement with emphasis on animal husbandry activities in the geographical area of North East Iran Khaf

This paper records the transformation process in rural husbandry activities, due to modernization and emphasizes the need for archiving some aspects of indigenous knowledge in the geographical area of Khaf in North East Iran. The researcher used descriptive- analytical method and with an applied approach. It suggests that modernization, within the changing operational use of pastures has increased livestock production on one hand, but has caused partial loss of employment, reduced income, increased migration, and degradation of renewable resources on the other hand. Thus, relying on the indigenous knowledge of livestock (environmental compliance) alone has not been able to provide socio-economic stability in rural communities. Combining indigenous and formal knowledge to balance a renewable resource management system is considered suitable approach in achieving rural sustainable development especially in a developing country like Iran