Three different guises for the dynamics of a rotating beam

The dynamics of a flexible beam forced by a prescribed rotation around an axis perpendicular to its plane is addressed. Three approaches are considered, two of them related with simplified theories, within Strength of Materials, and the third one using Finite Elasticity. In the Strength of Materials approaches, the governing equations of motion are derived by superposing the deformations and the rigid motion in the first model, and in the second by stating the stationarity of the Lagrangian (including first- and second-order effects in order to capture the stiffening due to the centrifugal forces) through Hamilton's principle. Two actions are considered: gravity forces (pendulum) and prescribed rotation. Comparison of the two Strength of Materials models with the model derived from Finite Elasticity is carried out. Predictions for the same problems, interpreted in the context of the specific model, are compared and it was found that sometimes they give rather different results, both in the results and in the computational cost. Energy analyses are performed in order to obtain information about the quality of the numerical solutions. The paper ends with an example of a pendulum with a finite pivot including friction and flexibility. When the structural elements are sufficiently slender and the rotational speeds are low, so that the resulting deformations are small, the Strength of Material model that includes the load stiffening and the Finite Elasticity approach, lead to similar results. It can be concluded that the stiffening phenomenon is appropriately considered in the first model. On the contrary, when the Strength of Material hypothesis are not fulfilled, the problem should be addressed via the Finite Elasticity model. Additionally, cases with complexities such as friction at a finite pivot can only be addressed by Finite Elasticity. ► The dynamics of a flexible beam with a prescribed rotation is addressed. ► The stiffening effect is particularly considered. ► Two approaches within Strength of Materials and other with elasticity are studied. ► A pendulum with a finite pivot including friction and flexibility is addressed.