Molecular phylogeny of Gavilea (Chloraeinae: Orchidaceae) using plastid and nuclear markers

[Display omitted] ► The genus Gavilea (Orchidaceae) was not monophyletic. None of the sections of Gavilea were monophyletic. ► Monophyly of subtribe Chloraeinae was corroborated. ► Neither Chloraea nor Bipinnula were monophyletic. A phylogenetic analysis is provided for 70% of the representatives of genus Gavilea, as well as for several species of the remaining genera of subtribe Chloraeinae: Bipinnula, Chloraea and Geoblasta. Sequences from the plastid markers rpoC1, matK-trnK and atpB-rbcL and the nuclear marker ITS, were analyzed using Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian Inference. Monophyly of subtribe Chloraeinae was confirmed, as well as its position inside tribe Cranichideae. Neither Chloraea nor Bipinnula were recovered as monophyletic. Gavilea turned out polyphyletic, with Chloraeachica embedded in the genus while Gavilea supralabellata was related to Chloraea and might be a hybrid between both genera. None of the two sections of Gavilea were monophyletic, and the topologies obtained do not suggest a new division of the genus.