Are hot flashes associated with sleep disturbance during midlife? Results from the STRIDE cohort study

Abstract Objective Sleep disturbance and hot flashes are common during menopause, but their association is not well understood. We sought to understand the associations among sleep disturbance and the frequency, bothersomeness, and interference of hot flashes in mid-life women. Study design STRIDE is a study of women ages 40–65 years at varied menopausal stages. We examined the cross-sectional associations of sleep disturbance with the frequency and bothersomeness of hot flashes, and interference of hot flashes with work, social, and leisure activities during the 2nd year of STRIDE. Main outcome measure Self-reported sleep disturbance. Results Of the 623 women with complete data, 370 (59%) reported having hot flashes. Bivariate analyses showed that reporting hot flashes with bother, but not hot flashes alone, was associated with sleep disturbance (odds ratio [OR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 2.8 [2.0–4.0] and 1.3 [0.7–2.5], respectively). In multivariable models, women reporting bothersome hot flashes were more likely to report sleep disturbance (OR [95% CI]: 2.1 [1.4–3.2]) compared to women who reported no hot flashes. When the perceived interference of hot flashes with work, social activities, and leisure activities were included in the model, the relationships between bothersome hot flashes and sleep disturbance disappeared. Conclusions Hot flashes are not associated with sleep disturbance, unless they are bothersome. Mid-life patients should routinely be queried about the bothersomeness of their hot flashes.