Effects of surface-finishing forms and cement-filling on porous dimension limestone deterioration in cold regions

This work studies the influences of both surface-finishing forms and cement-filling on the durability of dimension limestone in cold regions. Freeze–thaw cycles, aqueous saline solution and their interactions with surface-finishing forms and cement-filling on stones were investigated for two types of porous limestone, Caribbean and Pewter Blend. Both deionised water and saline water composed of 20% NaCl by weight were used, and 28 freeze–thaw cycles were applied to the samples. The change in dry weight, porosity, and Böhme abrasion loss value was obtained for all test samples. It was observed that two types of porous limestone with cement-filling and different types of surface-finishing were influenced to different extents by freeze–thaw and salt. Experiments showed that stones to be used outdoors in cold regions should have relatively low initial porosity and that they should be fine-finished and cement-filled; these modifications to the stones will maximise the benefit received from the stones. ► Surface-finishing forms and cement-filling effect limestone subject to freeze-thaw. ► We find that dry weights of the samples thawed in deionised water decrease. ► However, dry weights of the samples thawed in saline solution increased. ► As surface roughness decreases, the effects of freeze-thaw decrease. ► Stones for outdoor use should be filled, have low surface roughness and low porosity.