Seropositive antiaquaporin-4 antibody associated with multisegmental myelitis in a patient with paracoccidioidomycosis

Abstract Since the description of the association between neuromyelitis optica (Devic's disease) and aquaporin 4 IgG antibody (NMO-IgG), the search for this antibody has been considered a highly recommended laboratory test when centromedullary multisegmental lesions are observed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Such MRI lesions have not been confined to acute NMO myelitis because other infectious and post-infectious disorders may display a similar lesional pattern. However, NMO-IgG has not been currently searched and associated with these myelitides. The objective of this study is to report an infectious myelitis that tested positive for NMO-IgG and comment on the implications of this finding. We report the presence of NMO-IgG in one patient exhibiting centromedullary multisegmental lesions who presented Paracoccidioides brasiliensis myelitis.