Characteristics of Patients with Respiratory Allergy in France and Factors Influencing Immunotherapy Prescription: A Prospective Observational Study (Realis)

To describe the sensitization profile of respiratory allergies in France, identifying factors influencing the prescription of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) [Transversal phase (T)], and assess treatment efficacy, tolerability, compliance and satisfaction [Longitudinal phase (L)]. French allergists (600) and pneumo-allergists (600) were offered participation and asked to recruit the first 20 new patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and/or asthma, consulting for a first time allergy check-up with skin prick-test (T), and 5 patients sensitized to pollens (skin test and/or specific IgE) for whom SLIT with pollens was prescribed (L). In the T phase, 2,714 patients were recruited by 169 specialists, mostly allergists (76.5%). The majority (98%) suffered from AR, alone (57.7%) or with asthma (40.3%) and 80.3% suffered from moderate-to-severe rhinitis, mostly persistent (65.8%). Asthma, when present, was mostly intermittent (63.7%) or mild persistent (20.1%). Sensitization to house dust mites was the most common (64.5%), followed by grass pollens (61.5%), tree pollens (41.6%) and cat danders (30.5%). Poly-sensitization was seen in 73.6% of patients. AIT, mostly sublingual, was recommended in 55.6% of the patients, mostly (78.1%) because of insufficient control with symptomatic treatments. The overall impact of symptoms on QOL, positive skin test to grass pollens, ocular pruritus and/or nasal obstruction and moderate-to-severe rhinitis were significant predictors of SLIT prescription. Poly-sensitization or concomitant asthma were not seen as deterrents. Most patients consulting a specialist for allergy testing suffer from moderate-to-severe rhinitis. Treatment in current practice includes immunotherapy in half of the patients, and follows ARIA recommendations.