Effect of Implant-Abutment Connection Design on Load Bearing Capacity and Failure Mode of Implants

Purpose: In this in vitro study, six implant–abutment connection designs were compared and evaluated regarding load bearing capacities and failure modes. Materials and Methods: Five implants of Astra Tech, Bego, Camlog, Friadent, Nobel Biocare, and Straumann were separately embedded in stainless steel tubes using polyurethane, for a total of 30 specimens. Specimens were statically loaded under an angle of 30° with respect to the implant axis in a universal testing machine using a test setup according to ISO 14801. Failure was indicated by a load drop of 100 N in force. Load–displacement curves were analyzed, and maximum force and force at which permanent deformation occurred were recorded. Statistical analysis was performed using one‐way ANOVA with the level of significance set at 0.05. Results: Statistical analysis revealed that the type of implant–abutment connection design has a significant influence on load bearing capacity (p < 0.001). The mean maximum forces ranged between 606 N (Straumann) and 1129 N (Bego); the forces where plastic deformation set in ranged between 368 N (Friadent) and 955 N (Bego). Failure modes differed between the various implant–abutment connection types tested. Conclusions: Implant–abutment connection design has a significant influence on load bearing capacity and failure mode of implants; however, all implant–abutment connection designs tested would be expected to withstand clinically relevant forces.