Obstetric and Perinatal Outcomes of Teenage Pregnancies in Thailand

Abstract Study Objective To determine whether, when controlling for confounding factors, there was still an association of adolescence with adverse outcomes. Design Retrospective case control study. Setting Seven Bangkok Metropolitan Administration General Hospitals. Participants Charts of all women aged 19 and younger (n = 1,354) having singleton live births in 2004, 2005, and 2006 were retrieved. For the adult group, 1,389 charts of mothers between the ages of 20 and 34 delivering singleton babies were selected using proportionate systematic random sampling. Maternal age was divided into 3 groups: 11–15, 16–19, and 20–34. Main Outcome Measures Obstetric and perinatal outcomes. Results After statistically controlling for known confounding factors, teenage pregnancy was associated with increased risks of anemia (11–15: AOR = 1.81, P < 0.001; 16–19: AOR = 1.48, P < 0.01), very preterm deliveries (11–15: AOR = 2.18, P < 0.05), very low birth weight babies (11–15: AOR = 6.98, P < 0.05; 16–19: AOR = 9.86, P < 0.01), newborn admission to Intensive Care Unit (11–15: AOR = 1.93, P < 0.01; 16–19: AOR = 2.10, P < 0.01), and postpartum complications (11–15: AOR = 3.33, P < 0.01). The rates of cesarean delivery (11–15: AOR 0.58, P < 0.01; 16–19: AOR = 0.57, P < 0.01), operative delivery (11–15: AOR = 0.49, P < 0.01), and oxytocin augmentation (16–19: AOR = 0.66, P < 0.01) were less frequent in younger mothers. Conclusion Independent of known confounding factors, teenage pregnancy was associated with increased risks of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes requiring clinical and outreach interventions from health care providers.