Prenatal amphetamine exposure and birth outcomes: a systematic review and metaanalysis

Objective The aim of this study was to systematically review the relationship between amphetamine exposure in pregnancy and birth outcomes. Study Design Electronic databases were searched to identify relevant studies. Data from included studies were extracted by 2 reviewers. Summary odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the random effects model. Results Ten studies were included. Significant increases in unadjusted risks of preterm birth (OR, 4.11; 95% CI, 3.05–5.55), low birthweight (OR, 3.97; 95% CI, 2.45–6.43), and small for gestational age (OR, 5.79; 95% CI, 1.39–24.06) were identified among women exposed to amphetamines in pregnancy. The mean birthweight was significantly lower among amphetamine-exposed pregnancies (mean difference, −279 g; 95% CI, −485 to −74 g). Two studies provided adjusted estimates on different outcomes, and their results were consistent with the findings from the unadjusted data. Conclusion Amphetamine exposure in pregnancy is associated with adverse birth outcomes and should be identified by physicians providing antenatal care.