Effect of precipitates on long-term creep deformation properties of P92 and P122 type advanced ferritic steels for USC power plants

Long-term creep rupture strengths and the microstructural stability of ASME P92 and P122 pipes have been studied using creep testing at the temperatures from 550 to 700 °C and detailed scanning transmission electron microscopy. Creep rupture strength of P92 is found to be more stable than that of P122 at temperatures over 600 °C, which is mainly due to the difference in their Cr content. P122 type model steel with reduced Cr content, 9%Cr, has been prepared to explore the effect of Cr on the stability of MX and formation of Z-phase during creep deformation. MX in 9%Cr steel is found to be stable even after prolonged exposure at 650 °C, while Cr and Fe concentration to MX without marked coarsening has been observed in 10.5%Cr steel after aging for 10,000 h at 650 °C. This seems to lead to the transition of MX carbonitride into the Z-phase after aging for 23,000 h, which requires ordering in a M 2N lattice to achieve a tetragonal Z-phase to be stable. Creep deformation behavior in the transient creep region of the steels is almost same up to about 7000 h, while in the acceleration creep region the creep rate of 10.5%Cr steel becomes much faster than that of 9%Cr steel, resulting in shorter rupture life. It is obvious that the creep rupture strength degradation starts prior to the formation of Z-phase in 10.5%Cr steel. It is thus concluded that Z-phase is not a necessary factor for degradation of creep rupture strength but the instability of the fine precipitates such as Cr 2(C, N) caused by the compositions change like Cr supply to MX carbonitride is more essential.