Functional role of VNTR polymorphism of human genes

A brief overview of the current views on the functional role of genetic VNTR polymorphism in humans is given. Data on the involvement of VNTRs in the regulation of gene expression and in the formation of complex phenotypes are presented. According to these data, the effects of VNTRs are determined by the number of repeats, the structure of their monomers and flanking haplotypes, epigenetic mechanisms (in the case of localization in imprinted regions) and can be modified by environmental factors. Some possible mechanisms of the influence of VNTRs on the level of expression are considered.