Pulmonary involvement in Crohn's disease. Report of a case and review of the literature

Crohn's disease (CD) is a granulomatous systemic disorder of unknown etiology. Obvious pulmonary involvement is exceptional in patients with CD. We report a case of a 38‐year‐old man who suffered from CD for more than 14 years and was treated with oral steroids for more than 10 years. Surgical excision of parts of the ileum was performed for life‐threatening ileal bleeding caused by CD. After acute tapering of oral steroids, pulmonary symptoms and radiologic abnormalities were noted. Lung biopsy through thoracoscopy was performed and revealed signs of chronic inflammation with multiple subepithelial noncaseating and epithelioid granulomas on pathologic examination. Intravenous steroids were required in the initial management of life‐threatening pulmonary dysfunction after diagnostic thoracoscopy and led to marked improvement. Tuberculocidal therapy was performed until all microbiological cultures were negative. Oral steroid dosage had slowly been tapered over 1 month. He was discharged with clinical and radiologic improvements. After 36 months, the patient's condition is stable on continued treatment with prednisolone and mesalazine.