The effect of video feedback delay on frustration and emotion communication accuracy

► We examined how video feedback delay affected frustration and emotion communication accuracy. ► Measures were taken after two 10-min conversation periods. ► In period one, subjects with video delay had less frustration and more accuracy than those without. ► In period two, subjects with video delay were more frustrated than those without. ► People may compensate less for video delay after an initial acquaintance period. Previous research has demonstrated that for unacquainted dyads and groups interacting over video, feedback delay can interfere with the impression-formation process and increase cognitive load, in turn leading to incorrect interpersonal judgments. In this study, 35 dyads participated in two 10-min conversation periods over video monitors. In one period there was a 1-s delay in the audio/video signal and in the other there was no delay. In period 1 the presence of feedback delay was associated with decreased frustration and increased ability to accurately judge a partner’s emotions. In period 2, however, feedback delay was associated with increased frustration and had no effect on emotion communication accuracy, which was decreased in both conditions by inaccurate assumed similarity. Results supported and expanded the relation-alignment perspective, which states that individuals will consciously attempt to manage their impressions over technological channels, but that they can also be unconsciously influenced by technological distortion.