Reproducible Fabrication of Robust, Renewable Vertically Aligned Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Composite Electrodes

We describe the reproducible fabrication of robust, vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube (VACNT)/epoxy composite electrodes. The electrodes are characterized by cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron and atomic force microscopies. Low background currents are obtained at the electrodes, and common redox probe molecules and NADH show excellent voltammetric behavior. When electrode performance deteriorates due to fouling, the electrode surfaces can be reproducibly renewed by mechanical polishing followed by O2 plasma treatment. The electrochemical performance of the electrodes is maintained after more than 100 cycles of use and renewal.