ETS-GS, a New Antioxidant, Ameliorates Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in a Rodent Model

Background Ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) contributes to acute kidney injury (AKI). On the other hand, anti-oxidative drugs help to prevent renal injury caused by I/R. The current study examined whether a new antioxidant, ETS-GS, inhibits reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and thereby prevents renal I/R injury in rodent models. Methods Rats with experimentally-induced renal I/R injury were treated concurrently with an intravenous injection of either ETS-GS or saline. Anesthesia was induced with sevoflurane. Results Histologic examination revealed marked reduction of interstitial congestion, edema, inflammation, and hemorrhage in kidney tissue harvested 24 h after ETS-GS treatment. Renal I/R-induced secretion of nitric oxide (NO) in serum was inhibited by ETS-GS treatment. Furthermore, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the kidney were significantly lower in ETS-GS-treated rats with renal I/R. Moreover, when murine macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with antimycin A in the presence or absence of simultaneous ETS-GS treatment, ETS-GS decreased ROS levels. Conclusions Thus, ETS-GS lowered ROS levels in cultured cells, reduced serum NO levels, decreased renal MDA levels, and protected rats against I/R-induced kidney injury. Given these in vitro and in vivo findings, ETS-GS is a strong candidate for future exploration of therapeutic potential in various human I/R diseases.