Lithotomy-related neurovascular complications in the lower limbs after colorectal surgery

Aim To review the literature on lithotomy‐related neurovascular complications (LRNVC) of the lower limbs after colorectal surgery. Method Electronic databases were searched for relevant articles, including Medline, EMBASE, Pubmed, CENTRAL and CINHL. Results LRNVC after prolonged lithotomy position during colorectal surgery can be classified into vascular, neurological and neurovascular combined. Compartment syndrome (CS) is the most common clinical presentation. Seven case reports and 10 case series on 34 patients (27 men, 6 women) with CS have been reported. Risk factors included the lithotomy position and duration of surgery of more than 4 h. Conclusion In colorectal surgery, lower limb LRNCVs, and CS are rare. A high index of clinical suspicion and early decompression may reduce morbidity.