A New Type of Bismuth Electrode for Electrochemical Stripping Analysis Based on the Ammonium Tetrafluorobismuthate Bulk-Modified Carbon Paste

A carbon paste electrode bulk‐modified with ammonium tetrafluorobismuthate (BiF4‐CPE) was developed and examined in the anodic stripping voltammetric mode for measurement of selected trace heavy metals. The BiF4‐CPE has revealed a favorable performance in more acidic solutions (pH 0.5–2.5) in the presence of dissolved oxygen for Cd(II) and Pb(II) as model metal ions at the low μg L−1 concentration level. In comparison with the bismuth‐oxide bulk‐modified carbon paste electrode and the other two bismuth film‐plated carbonaceous substrate electrodes examined, the BiF4‐CPE proved to be another attractive variant of the environmentally friendly bismuth‐based electrodes, particularly convenient for analysis of acidified water samples.