Cosmological and astrophysical neutrino mass measurements

► Neutrinos leave a distinct imprint on the large scale structure of the Universe. ► Large surveys are sensitive to the sum of the neutrino masses. ► We collect and explain current and future constraints from different probes of the structure of the Universe. Cosmological and astrophysical measurements provide powerful constraints on neutrino masses complementary to those from accelerators and reactors. Here we provide a guide to these different probes, for each explaining its physical basis, underlying assumptions, current and future reach.