Specific HIV-1 integrase polymorphisms change their prevalence in untreated versus antiretroviral-treated HIV-1-infected patients, all naive to integrase inhibitors

Objectives To define whether the prevalence of mutations associated with integrase inhibitor (INI) resistance is different in untreated versus antiretroviral-treated HIV-1-infected individuals (all INI naive). Methods Gene sequences of the integrase (IN) and reverse transcriptase (RT) obtained from plasma samples of a well-defined cohort of 448 HIV-1-infected individuals (134 drug naive and 314 antiretroviral treated) were analysed. Docking simulations, using RT and IN models, were also performed. Results Primary mutations and the majority of secondary mutations for raltegravir or elvitegravir were completely absent (or rarely found,