Phytoavailability of Toxic Heavy Metals and Productivity in Wheat Cultivated Under Residual Effect of Fertilization in Soybean Culture

Achieving high productivity in agriculture is increasingly needed and requested; however, this activity should be performed in a sustainable and rational way. The use of micronutrients in the fertilization of the most diverse cultures is becoming a common practice on farms, but it is important to conduct studies in relation to fertilizers used for this supplement, including raw materials with which they are produced. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the phytoavailability of nutrients and toxic heavy metals Cd, Pb, and Cr; productivity; and yield components in wheat sown in soil with residue of N/P 2 O 5 /K 2 O + Zn-based fertilizer applied in previous crop. Treatments consisted of residual fertilization of five forms arranged in two doses (D1 = 300 kg ha −1 and D2 = 600 kg ha −1 ). The five types of fertilization were composed of formulated N/P 2 O 5 /K 2 O and the variation of different Zn sources. In the assessment of phytoavailability were determined levels of K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe, Cd, Pb, and Cr in wheat leaves. The results show that the residual effect of fertilization was not enough for there being difference between treatments at both doses used; however, it was found that the fertilizers used to Zn supply provided residual effect, providing significant levels of Pb and Cr for wheat plants.