Evaluation of the Effect of Ulinastatin on the Production of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor In Vitro for Potential Combination Therapy with Leukocyte Adsorption

Macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) induces normal intestinal macrophages that have anti‐inflammatory effects. Thus, M‐CSF‐rich conditions in colonic tissues seem to contribute to the improvement of pathological conditions in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). However, it has not been clarified whether current therapies for IBD, including granulocyte/monocyte adsorptive apheresis using an Adacolumn, and ulinastatin, a serine protease inhibitor, affect the production of M‐CSF. To clarify the effects of these therapies on M‐CSF production, we investigated whether monocyte adsorption to cellulose acetate (CA) beads (carriers for Adacolumn therapy) and ulinastatin augmented M‐CSF production in in vitro experiments. Peripheral blood was incubated with and without CA beads, and then M‐CSF production was measured. Additionally, peripheral blood containing serial dilutions of ulinastatin was incubated with CA beads followed by measurement of M‐CSF production. Monocyte adsorption to CA beads did not affect M‐CSF production. A high concentration of ulinastatin augmented M‐CSF production without inhibiting monocyte adsorption to CA beads, although a low concentration of ulinastatin conversely suppressed M‐CSF production. The present study found that a high concentration of ulinastatin, which was administrated with CA beads, increased the production of M‐CSF. Our results suggest that a combination of ulinastatin and Adacolumn therapy may provide more clinical efficacy for the treatment of IBD in terms of the production of M‐CSF.