Calculation of Singlet Oxygen Dose Using Explicit and Implicit Dose Metrics During Benzoporphyrin Derivative Monoacid Ring A (BPD-MA)-PDT In Vitro and Correlation with MLL Cell Survival

ABSTRACT Photodynamic therapy (PDT) oxygen consumption, clonogenic cell survival, fluorescence photobleaching and photoproduct formation were investigated during benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid (BPD‐MA)‐PDT of MAT‐LyLu cells in vitro. Cells were incubated with BPD‐MA concentrations of 0.1, 0.5 or 2.5 μg mL−1 for 2 h and then treated with 405 nm light under oxygenated and hypoxic conditions. Fluorescence spectra were acquired during treatment, and photobleaching and photoproduct generation were quantified using singular value decomposition of the spectra. Cell survival was measured at set times during the treatment using a colony‐forming assay. The amount of oxygen consumed by PDT per photon absorbed decreased with BPD‐MA intracellular concentration. Survival was correlated with the total amount of oxygen consumed by PDT per unit volume, which is assumed to be equivalent to the amount of singlet oxygen that reacted. A photobleaching‐based singlet oxygen dose metric was also found to predict survival independent of intracellular BPD‐MA concentration. The BPD‐MA photoproduct was bleached during the treatment. Two singlet oxygen dose metrics based on photoproduct kinetics could not be correlated with cell survival over the full range of intracellular BPD‐MA concentrations used. Oxygen consumption, cell survival, fluorescence photobleaching and photoproduct formation were investigated during benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid (BPD‐MA)‐photodynamic therapy (PDT) of MAT‐LyLu cells in vitro. Survival was correlated with the total amount of oxygen consumed by PDT. A photobleaching‐based singlet oxygen dose metric was found to predict survival independent of intracellular BPD‐MA concentration or treatment fluence rate. Two singlet oxygen dose metrics based on photoproduct kinetics could not be correlated with cell survival over the full range of intracellular BPD‐MA concentrations used.