Osteosarcoma of the Jaws: Factors Influencing Prognosis

Purpose To evaluate patient, tumor, and treatment variables associated with survival in patients with jaw osteosarcoma (JOS) and to compare survival in patients treated before 1991 with those managed with more aggressive treatment protocols since 1992. Patients and Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with JOS treated at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1967 through 2007. Patients were divided by treatment date into Group 1, 1967 to 1991 ( n = 30) and Group 2, 1992 to 2009 ( n = 17). Medical records were reviewed to collect the following: demographic, radiographic, tumor-specific, treatment, and survival data. The 2 subgroups were statistically compared. Results There were 47 patients (32 males, 15 females) with a mean age of 30.9 years (range 4 to 74). Mandibular location showed a trend toward improved survival ( P = .06). Average tumor size was 4.38 cm (range 0.5 to 9.0 cm). Larger tumors were associated with decreased overall survival ( P = .016). Higher grade tumors had decreased overall survival ( P = .01). Clear surgical margins were obtained in 67% of patients. Clear surgical margins correlated with improved survival ( P = .002). Maxillary JOS constituted 83% of those with positive margins. Overall, 5-year survival was 68%. Improved 5-year survival was noted in group 2 (77%) compared with group 1 (52%) [P = .0073]. Patients who developed secondary osteosarcomas (n = 10) had 4.5-fold increased risk of death ( P = .01). Recurrence was associated with 7-fold increased risk of death ( P = .0008). Thirteen patients died of JOS. Conclusions Improved survival was noted in treatment group 2. This group benefited from improved imaging, earlier diagnosis and more aggressive treatment that included improved surgical clearance. A clear survival advantage for neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not demonstrated.