Hydrogen-Independent Reductive Transformation of Carbohydrate Biomass into γ-Valerolactone and Pyrrolidone Derivatives with Supported Gold Catalysts

A golden opportunity: A highly robust catalyst system consisting of gold nanoparticles supported on acid‐tolerant ZrO2 promoted the conversion of biomass‐derived levulinic acid (1) and formic acid (2) into γ‐valerolactone without the use of an external H2 supply (see scheme, red). The Au/ZrO2 catalyst was also used for the direct one‐pot synthesis of highly valuable pyrrolidone derivatives from 1, 2, and primary amines (see scheme, blue).