Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor: Evaluation of biopharmaceutical formulations by stability-indicating RP-LC method and bioassay

The granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a cytokine that regulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells and activates granulocytes and macrophages. A reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC) method was validated for the assessing of the stability of non-glycosylated recombinant rhGM-CSF (Molgramostim) in biopharmaceutical formulations. The RP-LC method was carried out on a Jupiter C 4 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm i.d.), maintained at 45 °C. The mobile phase A consisted of 0.1% TFA and the mobile phase B was acetonitrile with 0.1% TFA in acetonitrile, run at a flow rate of 1 mL/min, and using photodiode array (PDA) detection at 214 nm. Chromatographic separation was obtained with a retention time of 29.2 min, and was linear over the concentration range of 2–300 μg/mL ( r 2 = 0.9992). Specificity was established in degradation studies. Moreover, the in vitro cytotoxicity test of the degraded products showed significant differences ( p