Hypoxia in Manila Bay, Philippines during the northeast monsoon

[Display omitted] ► Hypoxia in Manila Bay during the NE monsoon (dry season) is confined to the midsection of the bay. ► Physical features and stratification at deeper parts of the bay may promote occurrence of hypoxia. ► Organic material breakdown, nitrification, and sediment oxygen demand likely cause DO depletion. ► During the southwest monsoon (wet season), hypoxia is expected to be more widespread. Herein we present results from one of the first extensive bay-wide oceanographic surveys of Manila Bay, wherein 31 stations were sampled during the northeast monsoon (cold and dry season). A band of hypoxic bottom water (dissolved oxygen