Antioxidant Therapy Reduces Oxidative and Inflammatory Tissue Damage in Patients Subjected to Cardiac Surgery with Extracorporeal Circulation

: Ischaemia reperfusion injury is a pathophysiological event that occurs after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation. This clinical event has been associated with the induction of oxidative and inflammatory damage in atrial tissue. Here, we tested whether combined omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA)‐antioxidant vitamin protocol therapy reduces oxidative and inflammatory cardiac tissue damage. This trial assigned 95 either‐sex patients to supplementation with n‐3 PUFA (2 g/day), or matching placebo groups, 7 days before on‐pump surgery. Antioxidant vitamins C (1 g/day) and E (400 IU/day) or placebo were added from 2 days before surgery until discharge. Blood and atrial tissue samples were obtained during the intervention. Reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio, malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonylation were determined in atrial tissue. Leucocyte count and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) in blood plus nuclear factor (NF)‐κappaB activation in atrial tissue served for inflammation assessment. Lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation were 27.5 and 24% lower in supplemented patients (p